Brexit

BREXIT

How can Europe, through reforms, prevent individual members from hindering progress or even leaving?

The problem

The problems for the UK-EU withdrawal agreement are far from over with the adoption of the trade pact in the EU Parliament. Renegotiations may also be necessary in the future. Regardless, Brexit exemplifies the urgency of structural reforms in the EU to prevent future exits. In order to increase the capacity to act in Brussels, national and European interests need to be better reconciled.

T

he conflict between Brussels and London came to light at a time when one of the partners did not want to unilaterally renounce his traditional rights and benefits of the single market without continuing to assume the usual duties of the other EU member states. Otherwise, the creation of a customs union and access to the EU’s internal market would certainly have been easier to implement while maintaining EU freedom of movement. Now it took complicated arrangements for future border controls between Ireland, Northern Ireland and the UNITED Kingdom. The feasibility of such a construct is likely to be more than questionable in practice. Time-consuming and costly border controls are now part of everyday delivery between the UK and Europe. The conflict in Northern Ireland has also flared up again. The real negative consequences of Brexit will most likely only become apparent after the end of the Corona crisis.

What lessons can be learned if other member states also seek to go it alone? And what alternatives would there be if Brexit were to be renegotiated in the future?

Instead of talking about further eu concessions or heading for a hard Brexit, we should talk about the alternative way in which the UK could remain part of the EU. In order to do this, instead of negotiating legal aspects, the question of common interests should be brought to the fore and what each side would be prepared to contribute or accept in a future ‘partnership’.

The Vision

Futura Fabrica has developed a four-stage model in which each state can flexibly choose how much it wants to renounce national interests in favour of EU integration, according to its own possibilities. In concrete terms, a Member State may assume the following roles, which, in a nutshell, give rise to different rights and obligations:

1.

Visionaries take their own initiatives for the benefit of the Community and are supported by the EU.

2.

Core members are limited to the status quo with known rights and obligations.

3.

In the case of graduated membership, a country gives up its say but respects the basic legal norms of the Community. Contributions to the EU are not paid. To this end, the EU is committed to infrastructure or lighthouse projects to promote common policy objectives.

4.

Member States that have been plunged into a national crisis are exempted from selected duties as a special case, but can rely on Community support. At this stage, there are also candidates who have EU membership on probation. In both, the possibilities for participation are limited or temporarily suspended.

B

The UK could have a gradual participation in the EU’s single market. London is agreeing a customs union with Brussels and will still have access to the EU’s single market.

To that end, the UK respects European rules on free movement. Britain does not have to pay any further contributions to the EU, but loses all say in it.

The implementation

This would entail the commitment to joint infrastructure and climate protection projects. All of this would be more than just an associated partnership, because the added value and deeper meaning of such graduated membership would be directly tangible even for EU sceptics.

Simultaneously

Instead of the existing EU contributions, the tiered member UK could also contribute to the new partnership through alternative compensation options. For example:

Joint climate action

The UK is bringing its financial know-how to future lighthouse projects in order to build a counterweight to non-European investment players. For this, London refrains from becoming a tax haven.

Deployment of British soldiers as part of a European army.

International commitment to the protection of refugees

I

ll these are only examples of compensations that are not associated with direct transfer payments. The granting of access to the European internal market to a third country should be carefully considered. If only the removal of trade barriers is possible between the EU and a candidate for a graduated Member State, priority should be given to a normal third-country relationship.

This makes it all the more important to give a partnership between London and Brussels a meaningful future perspective than mere economic considerations. Once such a vision has been found, there is also a way to create time for new negotiations.